1. Which of the following colonies was established based on these instructions?
A. Georgia Correct
B. Jamestown
C. Plymouth
D. South Carolina
Explanation
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a debtor colony with philanthropic and buffer purposes against Spanish Florida, emphasizing charity, morality, and prohibition of slavery initially. Jamestown was economic (Virginia Company), Plymouth religious (Pilgrims), South Carolina proprietary/agricultural.
2. The European country that was the primary colonizer along the mid-Atlantic coast of North America in the seventeenth century was
A. Spain
B. England Correct
C. Portugal
D. France
Explanation
England established colonies like New York (taken from Dutch), New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in the mid-Atlantic. Dutch initially settled New York but lost to England; France focused north (Canada), Spain south (Florida).
3. The Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation in order to
A. establish a judicial branch to check the authority of the legislature
B. form a government with a powerful executive branch
C. establish a bill of rights to protect citizens against the abuses of government
D. create a central government that gave primary authority to the states Correct
Explanation
The Articles created a loose confederation with strong state sovereignty and weak central government, reflecting fear of strong executive after British rule. No strong executive, judiciary, or bill of rights.
4. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, did which of the following?
A. Gave women the right to vote.
B. Abolished slavery. Correct
C. Granted the right to bear arms.
D. Guaranteed freedom of religion.
Explanation
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude (except punishment for crime). 19th women suffrage, 2nd arms, 1st religion.
5. Which of the following warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere?
A. Truman Doctrine
B. Wade-Davis Bill
C. Monroe Doctrine Correct
D. Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Explanation
Monroe Doctrine (1823) declared Americas off-limits for further European colonization/interference. Truman Cold War containment, Wade-Davis Reconstruction, Tonkin Vietnam escalation.