1. The rotation of Earth around its axis is responsible for which of the following?
A. The force of gravity
B. The day and night cycle Correct
C. The temperature differences between seasons
D. The movement of continents relative to one another
Explanation
The rotation of Earth on its axis causes the cycle of day and night as different parts of the Earth face towards or away from the Sun.
2. Which THREE of the following agricultural practices are most likely to have a negative impact on the environment?
A. Increasing the amount of fertilizer applied to a field to maximize crop yields Correct
B. Providing a field with excessive amounts of water to maintain ground saturation Correct
C. Applying nonselective herbicides to a field at the end of the growing season to eliminate weeds Correct
D. Planting crops in a field with minimal disturbance of the surface soil to reduce soil erosion
Explanation
Excessive fertilizer can lead to nutrient runoff, causing water pollution. Excessive water can lead to soil erosion and water waste. Nonselective herbicides can harm beneficial organisms and biodiversity. Minimal disturbance planting is beneficial for soil health.
3. Which TWO of the following are powered most directly by the Sun's energy?
A. Surface currents in the ocean Correct
B. Volcanic eruptions
C. Tectonic plate movements
D. Convection in the atmosphere Correct
Explanation
Surface currents are driven by winds, which are caused by uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the Sun. Convection in the atmosphere is also directly driven by solar heating.
4. Natural gas-fired power plants are considered greenhouse gas emitters because the burning of natural gas produces which of the following?
A. Hydrogen
B. Radon
C. Carbon dioxide Correct
D. Helium
Explanation
Burning natural gas (methane) produces carbon dioxide and water vapor. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
5. Which of the following tools is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
A. Barometer Correct
B. Thermometer
C. Anemometer
D. Hygrometer
Explanation
A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. A thermometer measures temperature, an anemometer measures wind speed, and a hygrometer measures humidity.