1. Which is the best summary of this passage?
A. The heart pumps roughly 70 mL of blood by rapidly contracting and extending the chamber doors of the heart. Disease and age affect the pressure of blood on arterial walls.
B. The brachial artery of the arm is usually used to take blood pressure, although the pressure is different in different parts of the body.
C. The measurement of the ratio of systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure is known as blood pressure.
D. The force that blood exerts on arterial walls is known as blood pressure and is measured as a ratio of the systolic pressure or "high peak" over the diastolic pressure or "low peak" Correct
Explanation
The correct summary of the passage is that blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on arterial walls, measured as a ratio of systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the passage, including the definition of blood pressure, its measurement, and the role of systolic and diastolic pressures. The other options either focus on specific details or do not encompass the main concept of blood pressure as explained in the passage.
2. Which of the following best summarizes the passage about blood pressure?
A. The heart pumps roughly 70 mL of blood by rapidly contracting and extending the chamber doors of the heart. Disease and age affect the pressure of blood on arterial walls.
B. The brachial artery of the arm is usually used to take blood pressure, although the pressure is different in different parts of the body.
C. The measurement of the ratio of systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure is known as blood pressure.
D. The force that blood exerts on arterial walls is known as blood pressure and is measured as a ratio of the systolic pressure or 'high peak' over the diastolic pressure or 'low peak.' Correct
Explanation
The passage discusses blood pressure, explaining that it is the force blood exerts on arterial walls, measured as a ratio of systolic pressure (high peak) over diastolic pressure (low peak). It highlights how the heart pumps blood, the role of age and disease in affecting arterial pressure, and the importance of elasticity in arterial walls. Choice D best summarizes these key points, making it the correct answer.
3. What is the meaning of the word elasticity in the last paragraph?
A. Something that is able to resist and be flexible Correct
B. Something that is plastic-like
C. Something that is dynamic and electrifying
D. Something that is silly
Explanation
The term 'elasticity' in the last paragraph refers to the ability of a material or structure to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed. In the context of blood pressure, elasticity refers to the property of arterial walls to stretch and recoil with each heartbeat, allowing them to withstand the pressure changes caused by blood flow. Option A, 'Something that is able to resist and be flexible,' accurately describes the concept of elasticity in this context, making it the correct answer.
4. Which of the following is not a fact stated in the passage?
A. Ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into the vascular system.
B. Blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery of the arm.
C. Blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.
D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease. Correct
Explanation
The passage discusses that an increase in blood pressure can be due to the loss of arterial wall elasticity, which can occur with age or disease. However, it does not state that the loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease. Therefore, choice D is not a fact mentioned in the passage, making it the correct answer.
5. Which of the following is not a fact stated in the passage?
A. Ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into a vascular system.
B. Blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery of the arm.
C. Blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure.
D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease. Correct
Explanation
The correct answer is D. The passage does not state that loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease. It mentions that an increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some elasticity with age or disease, implying that the loss of elasticity can also be age-related. The other statements are all directly supported by the passage: A discusses the volume of blood injected by ventricular contraction, B explains where blood pressure is typically measured, and C describes how blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure.