1. The nurse aide is feeding a client while the client's head is tilted back. The client is at risk for:
A. edema
B. dyspnea
C. dysphasia
D. aspiration Correct
Explanation
Tilting the head back during feeding compromises the airway's natural protective mechanisms, increasing the likelihood that food or liquid will enter the trachea instead of the esophagus, leading to aspiration, which may cause choking or aspiration pneumonia. Edema refers to fluid retention and swelling, unrelated to head position during feeding. Dyspnea is difficulty breathing, which may result from aspiration but is not directly caused by head tilt. Dysphasia refers to difficulty speaking, not swallowing; the correct term for swallowing difficulty is dysphagia, but head tilt exacerbates aspiration risk rather than causing dysphagia.
2. The role of the nurse aide in restorative care is to:
A. combine short steps into a long list to keep a client motivated
B. recognize that setbacks occur and encourage a client to keep trying Correct
C. let a client know when progress is not happening as quickly as planned
D. complete a task for a client if the client is taking too long to complete it
Explanation
Restorative care focuses on helping clients regain or maintain their highest level of function and independence. Encouraging clients through setbacks supports motivation, builds confidence, and promotes long-term progress. Combining steps may overwhelm the client, notifying them of slow progress can be discouraging, and completing tasks for them undermines autonomy and hinders rehabilitation.
3. A low-fat diet is ordered for a client. Which of the following foods is restricted?
A. Fish
B. Butter Correct
C. Bread
D. Sugar
Explanation
Butter, a high-fat dairy product with saturated fat, is typically restricted on a low-fat diet. Fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, may contain healthy fats and is often allowed in moderation. Bread is generally low in fat unless prepared with added fats. Sugar is a carbohydrate, not a fat, and is not inherently restricted on a low-fat diet, though it may be limited for other reasons like diabetes.
4. A client refuses to take a bath. What is the nurse aide's BEST response?
A. "You don't have to take your bath now. When would you like to take it?" Correct
B. "A bath is good for you, and I know best."
C. "You have to take your bath, and there is no way out of it."
D. "Everybody else takes a bath. Why shouldn't you?"
Explanation
Offering choice and flexibility respects the client’s autonomy and promotes cooperation, reducing resistance by allowing the client to feel in control. Saying "I know best" dismisses their feelings, forcing compliance with "no way out" is coercive, and comparing them to others is invalidating and may provoke defensiveness.
5. The unlawful restriction of a client's freedom of movement is called:
A. defamation
B. false imprisonment Correct
C. negligence
D. invasion of privacy
Explanation
False imprisonment is the intentional and unlawful confinement or restraint of a person against their will, directly applying to restricting a client’s movement without justification. Defamation involves harming reputation through false statements, negligence is failure to provide reasonable care, and invasion of privacy relates to unauthorized intrusion, not physical restraint.