1. Which disease is caused by a bacterium?
A. Mumps
B. Strep throat Correct
C. AIDS (HIV+)
D. Common cold
Explanation
Strep throat is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Unlike mumps, which is a viral infection, AIDS caused by the HIV virus, and the common cold usually caused by rhinoviruses, strep throat is specifically a bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics.
2. What cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?
A. Flagellum Correct
B. Cell membrane
C. Transport protein
D. Receptor
Explanation
The flagellum is a whip-like appendage found in certain cells like sperm cells and some bacteria, enabling them to move through their environments. It plays a crucial role in locomotion by allowing cells to swim or propel themselves in liquids, aiding in their movement and navigation.
3. What process do sex cells undergo to reproduce?
A. Meiosis Correct
B. Cytokinesis
C. Fission
D. Mitosis
Explanation
Sex cells, also known as gametes, undergo the process of meiosis to reproduce. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid cells from a diploid cell. This reduction is essential for sexual reproduction to ensure genetic diversity in the offspring.
4. How does the concentration of solutes in a hypertonic solution compare to the cell's?
A. Same as
B. Lower than
C. Higher than Correct
D. Negative
Explanation
In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes is higher compared to the cell's interior. This causes water to move out of the cell to balance the solute concentrations, resulting in the cell shrinking. Therefore, the correct answer is that the solute concentration is higher in a hypertonic solution than inside the cell.
5. How is the aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing best categorized in biology?
A. Organisms and their environment
B. Ontogeny
C. Structure and function Correct
D. Heredity
Explanation
The aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing exemplifies the relationship between its structure and its function, showcasing how its form is intricately adapted for its function of flight. This concept of the interdependence of structure and function is a fundamental theme in biology. It emphasizes how the structures of living organisms are precisely designed to carry out specific functions, thereby influencing their survival and success in their respective environments.