1. Which immune system proteins recognize and inactivate invaders?
A. Antigens
B. Cytokines
C. Hormones
D. Antibodies Correct
Explanation
Antibodies are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses by binding to them. Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response, not proteins that inactivate. Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate immunity, not directly inactivating invaders. Hormones regulate bodily functions, not immune responses.
2. Many students in a preschool class are ill with a common cold. The teacher wants to avoid becoming infected. Which strategy will help reduce the possibility of transmission?
A. Take vitamin C daily
B. Eat a lot of dairy
C. Drink plenty of water
D. Wash hands frequently Correct
Explanation
Washing hands frequently is the most effective way to prevent the spread of cold viruses, which are transmitted through contact or respiratory droplets. Vitamin C may support immunity but doesn't directly prevent transmission. Dairy consumption and drinking water do not specifically reduce cold transmission.
3. A 26-year-old individual has been experiencing fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Which health condition could this individual have developed?
A. Hepatitis
B. Ulcer
C. Meningitis Correct
D. Asthma
Explanation
Meningitis is characterized by fever, headache, and neck stiffness due to inflammation of the meninges. Hepatitis affects the liver, causing symptoms like jaundice. Ulcers cause abdominal pain. Asthma involves respiratory symptoms like wheezing, not neck stiffness.
4. A 26-year-old individual has sudden symptoms of numbness in one arm, difficulty speaking, and blurred vision. Which condition causes these symptoms?
A. Epilepsy
B. Heart attack
C. Metabolic syndrome
D. Stroke Correct
Explanation
Stroke can cause sudden neurological symptoms like numbness, difficulty speaking, and blurred vision due to disrupted blood flow to the brain. Epilepsy causes seizures, heart attacks cause chest pain, and metabolic syndrome involves chronic conditions like high blood sugar, not acute neurological symptoms.
5. A 26-year-old individual has sudden symptoms of numbness in one arm, difficulty speaking, and blurred vision. Which approach is recommended by the American Heart Association to achieve this goal?
A. Engage in a meditation program two to three times per week
B. Engage in strength-training four to five times per week
C. Engage in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise four to five times per week Correct
D. Engage in daily stretching exercises two to three times per week
Explanation
The American Heart Association recommends moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 4-5 times per week to reduce stroke risk by improving cardiovascular health. Meditation and stretching are beneficial but less specific to stroke prevention. Strength-training is important but secondary to aerobic exercise for this goal.