1. Which immune system cell or structure defends the body?
A. Cortisol
B. Antibody Correct
C. Allergen
D. Pathogen
Explanation
Antibodies are key components of the immune system that specifically target and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. They are produced by B cells and play a crucial role in adaptive immunity. Unlike cortisol, which is a stress hormone, or allergens and pathogens, which are external agents, antibodies actively defend the body.
2. Many students in a preschool class are ill with a common cold. The teacher wants to avoid becoming infected. Which strategy will help reduce the possibility of transmission?
A. Wash hands frequently Correct
B. Eat a lot of dairy
C. Take vitamin C daily
D. Drink plenty of water
Explanation
Washing hands frequently is an effective way to reduce the spread of the common cold by removing germs from the hands before they can be transferred to the face or mouth. While eating a balanced diet, taking vitamin C, and staying hydrated can support overall health, they are not direct strategies for preventing transmission.
3. A 40-year-old female is often thirsty and urinates frequently. The individual sometimes experiences blurred vision and tingling in the hands and feet. The individual is tired and weak. Which condition causes these symptoms?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Breast cancer
C. Diabetes
D. Heart attack Correct
Explanation
The symptoms of frequent thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, tingling in the hands and feet, tiredness, and weakness are classic signs of diabetes, particularly due to high blood sugar levels affecting the body. Ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and heart attack do not typically present with this combination of symptoms.
4. An individual just found out that someone in the individual’s school has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Which two methods protect against contraction of this illness?
A. Avoid shaking another person's hands Correct
B. Avoid sitting in a chair before wiping it down
C. Avoid using a public bathroom
D. Avoid sharing a drink with another person Correct
Explanation
Avoiding handshakes prevents direct contact transmission of germs from person to person. Not sharing drinks reduces exposure to saliva-borne pathogens. These are effective for illnesses like colds or flu, whereas wiping chairs or avoiding bathrooms are less directly impactful unless contaminated.
5. Why is flexibility important for maintaining personal physical fitness?
A. Maintains muscular metabolic rate
B. Increases tendon resistance
C. Increases muscle strength
D. Maintains range of motion Correct
Explanation
Flexibility maintains the range of motion in joints, allowing for better movement and reducing injury risk during activities. It complements strength and endurance training in overall fitness. Without flexibility, muscles and tendons can become tight, leading to poor posture and limited mobility.