1. Which of the four primary challenges to communication do Lulu's behaviors address?
A. Intercultural understanding can be difficult.
B. Effective communication requires significant intellectual and psychological resources. Correct
C. Not everyone that individuals encounter will appreciate the value of communication.
D. Individuals rely too much on digitally mediated communication.
Explanation
Lulu's actions of considering what Maria might need, what she will say, and the best way to convey her message, along with her careful listening, demonstrate that she understands communication isn't just about speaking. It requires thought and effort, which are significant intellectual and psychological resources. This goes beyond simply exchanging words and shows an awareness of the complexities of effective communication. The situation does not involve different cultures, there is no indication that Maria doesn't value communication, and while the initial communication was a text, the main focus of Lulu's effort is on the subsequent verbal conversation, not the digital medium itself.
2. Which of the four primary challenges to communication does this scenario demonstrate?
A. Effective communication requires significant intellectual and psychological resources
B. Everyone appreciates the value of communication differently
C. Intercultural understanding can be difficult Correct
D. We over-rely on digitally mediated communication
Explanation
The scenario describes a misunderstanding between two people from different cultural backgrounds. Charlotte, due to her cultural beliefs, finds it inappropriate for a woman to call or text a man, which leads to her not responding to Lucas. Lucas, not understanding this cultural difference, misinterprets her silence as a sign that she doesn't want to be friends. This conflict arises directly from their differing cultural norms and expectations regarding communication, making intercultural understanding the primary challenge demonstrated.
3. Which concept below explains Dylan’s conclusion?
A. Locus of causation
B. Attribution error
C. Stereotyping Correct
D. Self-serving bias
Explanation
Dylan's conclusion that extroverts talk a lot and do not pay attention to her is an example of stereotyping, where she makes assumptions about individuals based on their group membership. In this case, her past experiences with extroverts lead her to generalize about the two team members. Locus of causation refers to attributing outcomes to internal or external factors, attribution error is a broader term not specific to group assumptions, and self-serving bias involves taking credit for success while blaming others for failure, none of which fit Dylan's behavior in this scenario.
4. Which of the following concepts is Leslie illustrating?
A. Fundamental bias
B. Locus of causation
C. Fundamental attribution error Correct
D. Self-serving bias
Explanation
Leslie is illustrating the fundamental attribution error, which occurs when one attributes another person’s behavior to their personality or disposition rather than considering situational factors. Leslie is questioning whether her colleague’s terse tone in an email is due to anger or another situational factor like being unwell, showing she is weighing both personal and situational explanations. This directly relates to the fundamental attribution error. The other options, such as fundamental bias, locus of causation, and self-serving bias, do not capture the interplay between behavior interpretation and situational versus personal attribution as described in the scenario.
5. What is an example of a public speaker following the transactional model of communication?
A. The speaker follows an outline carefully without taking questions from the audience.
B. The speaker adjusts the delivery of the outline after looking at the clock and noticing that there is not enough time left.
C. The speaker corrects mistakes that were made in an earlier speech.
D. The speaker adjusts the speech while talking according to nonverbal cues from the audience. Correct
Explanation
The transactional model of communication emphasizes that communication is a dynamic, two-way process where both the sender and receiver are simultaneously sending and receiving messages. By adjusting their speech in real-time based on nonverbal cues from the audience, such as facial expressions and body language, the speaker is actively engaging in this simultaneous exchange of messages. This is the core of the transactional model. The other options describe one-way or delayed communication, such as following a script without interaction, adjusting based on time, or correcting past mistakes, which do not align with the dynamic, reciprocal nature of the transactional model.