1. Which technology is characteristic of second-generation computing?
A. Microprocessors
B. Transistors Correct
C. Nanotechnology
D. Artificial Intelligence
Explanation
Second-generation computing (1950s-1960s) replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. Microprocessors define the fourth generation, nanotechnology is modern, and AI is associated with the fifth generation. This shift enabled commercial computing growth. Transistors revolutionized electronics.
2. Which generation of computing is associated with integrated circuits?
A. Fifth
B. Fourth
C. Second
D. Third Correct
Explanation
Third-generation computing (1960s-1970s) introduced integrated circuits, combining multiple transistors on a single chip for greater efficiency. Fifth generation focuses on AI, fourth on microprocessors, and second on transistors. This advancement reduced size and cost. It paved the way for personal computers.
3. What is the generation of computing known for the introduction of electronic components that could maintain exactly two states?
A. First
B. Second Correct
C. Third
D. Fourth
Explanation
Second-generation computing featured transistors, which maintain two states (on/off) for binary operations, replacing bulky vacuum tubes. First generation used vacuum tubes, third integrated circuits, and fourth microprocessors. This binary capability is fundamental to digital computing. It enabled reliable switching.
4. What is the generation of computing known for natural language processing and machine learning capabilities?
A. Fifth Correct
B. Third
C. Second
D. Fourth
Explanation
Fifth-generation computing emphasizes artificial intelligence, including natural language processing and machine learning for advanced problem-solving. Third generation used integrated circuits, second transistors, and fourth microprocessors. This generation aims at human-like intelligence. It represents ongoing research in AI.
5. Which component of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) pyramid includes raw facts?
A. Data Correct
B. Knowledge
C. Wisdom
D. Information
Explanation
Data is the base of the DIKW pyramid, consisting of raw, unprocessed facts without context. Information adds context, knowledge applies it, and wisdom involves judgment. This foundational level is essential for higher understanding. It represents unstructured observations.