1. Running the command rm Downloads leads to the following error: rm: cannot remove 'Downloads/': Is a directory Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloads is empty? (Choose TWO correct answers)
A. undir Downloads
B. rmdir Downloads Correct
C. dir -r Downloads
D. rem Downloads
E. rm -r Downloads Correct
Explanation
The rm command without options cannot remove directories; it requires the -r (recursive) flag to handle directories by removing their contents and the directory itself. Since the directory is empty, rmdir is specifically designed to remove empty directories efficiently. Both commands achieve the goal, but rmdir is more precise for empty directories, while rm -r works universally for directories.
2. What is defined by a Free Software license?
A. Details of the technical documentation each contributor has to provide.
B. The programming languages which may be used to extend the licensed program.
C. A complete list of libraries required to compile the licensed software.
D. Limits on the purposes for which the licensed software may be used.
E. Conditions for modifying and distributing the licensed software. Correct
Explanation
Free Software licenses, such as the GPL or MIT license, primarily outline the permissions and conditions for users to modify, redistribute, and use the software freely, ensuring the four essential freedoms: to run, study, distribute, and modify the software. They do not dictate documentation details, languages, libraries, or usage limits, which are outside the core definition.
3. Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux systems?
A. portage
B. rpm Correct
C. apt-get
D. dpkg
E. pacmanctl
Explanation
RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is the native package management system for Red Hat-based distributions like Fedora, CentOS, and RHEL. It handles installation, updates, and removal of software packages in .rpm format. Portage is for Gentoo, apt-get and dpkg for Debian/Ubuntu, and pacman for Arch Linux.
4. Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?
A. On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi's IDE bus.
B. On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi's firmware, next to the BIOS.
C. On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi. Correct
D. On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins.
E. On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.
Explanation
The Raspberry Pi lacks built-in storage and relies on a microSD card slot for booting and storing the operating system, such as Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian). The SD card holds the boot partition and root filesystem, making it easily removable and replaceable.
5. Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Correct
B. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Correct
C. Internet as a Service (IaaS)
D. Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
E. Software as a Service (SaaS) Correct
Explanation
Public cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud offer IaaS (virtual machines, storage), PaaS (development platforms), and SaaS (applications like email). 'Internet as a Service' is not a standard model; GaaS is niche and not typical. These three form the core cloud service models, enabling scalable computing without hardware management.