1. A resident who has flu like symptoms would be at risk for:
A. insomnia
B. dehydration Correct
C. convulsions
D. delusions
Explanation
Residents with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, are at significant risk for dehydration. Fever increases fluid loss through perspiration, and vomiting/diarrhea cause direct fluid and electrolyte loss. Dehydration can lead to more severe complications, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly. While severe illness might rarely lead to convulsions or delusions, and insomnia could be a symptom, dehydration is a very common and direct risk associated with flu-like symptoms that CNAs must monitor for.
2. Risk factors for resident accidents include:
A. older persons are very flexible
B. older persons still recognize dangerous situations
C. changes in vision and hearing Correct
D. safe use of mobility equipment
Explanation
As people age, common physiological changes like decreased visual acuity and hearing loss significantly increase their risk of accidents, particularly falls. Impaired vision makes it harder to see obstacles or changes in terrain, and reduced hearing can prevent them from hearing warnings or approaching hazards. Option A is generally not true as flexibility tends to decrease with age. Option B is also generally not true, as cognitive changes can impair recognition of dangerous situations. Safe use of mobility equipment (D) would *reduce* risk, not be a risk factor.
3. When communicating with a resident that has suffered a stroke and has difficulty speaking, and you want to ask them what they want to wear for the day, you should:
A. encourage the resident to answer with yes or no answers for clothing choices Correct
B. call the family and ask them what they would like the resident to wear
C. select the residents clothing for the day according to the weather
D. speak loudly to the resident until they answer the question
Explanation
For residents with communication difficulties, such as those who have suffered a stroke, providing simple choices that can be answered with a "yes" or "no" is an effective way to promote their autonomy and engagement in care. This minimizes frustration and the cognitive effort required to communicate. Calling the family (B) or choosing for them (C) should only be done if the resident is completely unable to communicate or make decisions. Speaking loudly (D) is often unhelpful for aphasia and can be perceived as aggressive.
4. During ambulation of an unsteady resident, the nursing assistant should stand:
A. directly behind the resident
B. behind and to one side of resident Correct
C. in front of the resident
D. directly to the side of the resident
Explanation
When assisting an unsteady resident with ambulation, the nursing assistant should stand slightly behind and to one side of the resident. This positioning, often on the resident's weaker side if applicable, allows the CNA to provide immediate physical support if the resident loses balance, without interfering with their natural gait or being directly in their path. Standing directly behind (A) or in front (C) can hinder movement or prevent effective intervention if a fall occurs. Standing directly to the side (D) offers less comprehensive support for forward or backward instability.
5. After shaving a male resident with a disposable razor, you should:
A. throw the razor in the resident's trash can
B. discard the razor in a sharps container Correct
C. disinfect the razor for use on another resident
D. discard the razor in a biohazard bag
Explanation
Disposable razors are considered sharps because they can cause cuts or punctures. After use, they must be immediately and safely disposed of in a designated puncture-resistant sharps container to prevent needlestick or cut injuries to healthcare personnel and others. Throwing it in regular trash (A) is unsafe. Disinfecting for reuse (C) is inappropriate for single-use disposable items and highly unsanitary. Discarding in a biohazard bag (D) is incorrect as biohazard bags are for contaminated non-sharps waste, not items that can puncture the bag and injure staff.