1. What step does an individual who smokes take to protect their family from exposure to secondhand smoke?
A. Visit smoke-free restaurants and public places. Correct
B. Ask the children’s caregiver to limit smoking to one cigarette per day.
C. Ask the hostess not to be sat downwind of a smoker.
D. Keep windows cracked enough in the car while smoking.
Explanation
Visiting smoke-free establishments ensures no one is exposed to secondhand smoke in those environments, protecting family members effectively. Limiting a caregiver's smoking to one cigarette per day does not eliminate exposure and is insufficient as a protective measure. Asking to be seated away from a smoker does not protect family members from the smoker's own secondhand smoke in other settings. Smoking in a car with windows cracked still exposes passengers to high, dangerous levels of secondhand smoke, making it an ineffective strategy.
2. Which prevention framework does the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fall under?
A. Local prevention
B. State prevention
C. National prevention Correct
D. Neighborhood prevention
Explanation
The FDA is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, with regulations and public health mandates, such as approving drugs and ensuring food safety, enforced across all states and territories, making its scope national. Local, state, and neighborhood frameworks pertain to more geographically limited jurisdictions and do not apply to the FDA’s broad authority.
3. A 20-year-old patient is being treated at the primary care clinic for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The patient has been engaging in risky unprotected sexual behaviors accompanied by drug use. Which screenings should be ordered according to the USPSTF (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) recommendations?
A. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and cervical cancer screening
B. Syphilis, HIV, and cervical cancer screening
C. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and cervical cancer screening
D. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV screening Correct
Explanation
The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in sexually active women under 25, including this 20-year-old patient, due to their high prevalence in this age group. The patient’s high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex and drug use, also strongly indicate screening for syphilis and HIV, as these are recommended for individuals at increased risk. Cervical cancer screening, however, is recommended to start at age 21 per current guidelines, so it is not applicable for this 20-year-old patient.
4. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is providing education to a group of parents with college-bound high school seniors. The APRN mentions a vaccine that is highly recommended for students who will be living on campus. Which vaccine should be recommended?
A. Pneumococcal vaccine
B. Meningococcal B Correct
C. Hepatitis B
D. Human papillomavirus
Explanation
The Meningococcal B vaccine is specifically recommended for adolescents and young adults aged 16-23, particularly those living in communal settings like college dormitories, due to the increased risk of meningococcal disease outbreaks in such environments. The Pneumococcal vaccine is primarily for older adults or those with specific chronic conditions, not specifically for college students. Hepatitis B and Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are routinely recommended for all adolescents, but they are not uniquely associated with the increased outbreak risk of communal living that defines the college campus recommendation.
5. A 55-year-old patient is being seen in the primary care clinic for a routine examination. The patient had a 30-year smoking history but stopped smoking eight years ago. The patient asks the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) whether screening for lung cancer should be scheduled, and the APRN shares the recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Which USPTF-based recommendation should the APRN share with the patient?
A. "You will need to be screened if you exhibit respiratory symptoms."
B. "You will need an annual chest x-ray screening until age 70."
C. "You will need annual screening until 15 years after quitting smoking." Correct
D. "You will need to begin screening when you reach the age of 60."
Explanation
The USPSTF recommends annual lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. This patient, aged 55 with a 30-year smoking history (likely exceeding 20 pack-years) who quit 8 years ago, falls within this 15-year window and meets the criteria for screening. Screening is not based on symptoms, ruling out option A. Chest x-ray is not the recommended modality, eliminating option B. The age to begin screening is 50, not 60, for those meeting the criteria, making option D incorrect.