1. What is the generation of computing known for natural language processing and machine learning capabilities?
A. Second
B. Third
C. Fourth
D. Fifth Correct
Explanation
Fifth-generation computing is built around artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and machine learning. These technologies allow computers to understand human speech, learn from data, and make intelligent decisions. Earlier generations focused only on hardware improvements: second used transistors, third used integrated circuits, and fourth used microprocessors; none included AI capabilities.
2. Which component of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) pyramid includes raw facts?
A. Information
B. Wisdom
C. Knowledge
D. Data Correct
Explanation
Data is the lowest level of the DIKW pyramid and consists of raw, unprocessed facts with no context or meaning attached (e.g., numbers, symbols). Information adds context to data, knowledge organizes information into patterns and understanding, and wisdom applies judgment to decide the right action.
3. Which part of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy involves recognizing the right thing to do?
A. Information
B. Wisdom Correct
C. Knowledge
D. Data
Explanation
Wisdom is the highest level and includes ethical judgment, experience, and the ability to determine the correct or best course of action in a real-world situation. Knowledge explains relationships and patterns, but only wisdom decides what should be done.
4. What is the component of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy that focuses on application?
A. Data
B. Knowledge
C. Wisdom Correct
D. Information
Explanation
Wisdom represents the practical application of knowledge combined with experience, values, and insight to make sound decisions and take appropriate actions. Knowledge is theoretical understanding; wisdom is knowing how and when to use it.
5. A person is preparing a pizza, which needs to be baked for 18 minutes at 400°F. Which component of the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy is exemplified by the value "18" in this scenario?
A. Data Correct
B. Knowledge
C. Information
D. Wisdom
Explanation
The isolated number 18 is a raw, uncontextualized fact with no inherent meaning. It becomes information when we know it refers to minutes of baking time. Knowledge explains why that duration is needed; wisdom might adjust it based on past oven performance.