1. A leader is developing a plan in response to changing market conditions. Which stage of Kotter's eight-step change model is this leader representing?
A. Establish a sense of urgency
B. Create a vision Correct
C. Empower others to act
D. Create short-term wins
Explanation
Developing a plan to address shifting market conditions, like new consumer trends, involves creating a vision to guide the organization toward a clear future state, such as launching a new product line. Establishing urgency would focus on highlighting the market threat to spark action, not planning. Empowering others comes later, enabling teams to execute the vision by removing obstacles. Generating short-term wins involves celebrating early successes, like a successful pilot, which happens after the plan is in motion.
2. Which change model has been criticized for not providing a sequence of actions for an organization to implement change?
A. McKinsey's 7S model Correct
B. Change Acceleration Process
C. Diffusion of Innovation
D. Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement (ADKAR)
E. Cisco Change Roadmap
Explanation
McKinsey's 7S model, which assesses elements like strategy and structure, is often criticized for offering a snapshot of organizational alignment without a step-by-step guide for implementing change, making it less actionable for managers needing clear direction. The Change Acceleration Process provides structured steps for managing change, focusing on practical execution. Diffusion of Innovation explains how ideas spread but isn't a change implementation guide. ADKAR offers a clear sequence for individual change, and Cisco's roadmap provides phased IT change steps, both more actionable than 7S.
3. A manager is asked to manage a major organizational change with little advance planning time. The manager decides to search for a simple and streamlined model to help manage this change. Which change management model would be appropriate for this manager to use?
A. Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement (ADKAR) Correct
B. Lisco Change Roadmap
C. Kotter's Eight-Step Model
D. Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Explanation
ADKAR's streamlined stages—awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, reinforcement—enable quick implementation by focusing on individual readiness, ideal for time-constrained managers. The Cisco roadmap requires detailed IT planning, unsuitable for tight timelines. Kotter's model demands extensive preparation across eight steps, which is time-intensive. Diffusion of Innovation explains adoption patterns but lacks practical change management steps.
4. Which product best exemplified a new market disruption?
A. Cordless phones
B. Rotary phones
C. Cell phones Correct
D. Krouch tone phones
Explanation
Cell phones revolutionized communication by creating a mobile market, disrupting traditional landlines with new user behaviors. Cordless phones merely extended landline range, not creating a new market. Rotary phones were outdated, offering no disruption. Touch-tone phones (likely meant by Krouch) improved dialing but stayed within the existing landline market.
5. Which two aspects are important in communicating the change process?
A. Discipline
B. Listening Correct
C. Rewarding
D. Repetition
Explanation
Listening builds trust by addressing employee concerns during change, ensuring open dialogue. Repetition reinforces the change's purpose, keeping the vision clear and memorable. Discipline focuses on enforcement, not communication effectiveness. Rewarding boosts motivation but isn't a core communication strategy.