1. A leader is developing a plan in response to changing market conditions. Which stage of Kotter's eight-step change model is this leader representing?
A. Create short-term wins
B. Create a vision
C. Establish a sense of urgency Correct
D. Empower others to act
Explanation
Establishing a sense of urgency is the first step in Kotter's model, where leaders identify market threats or opportunities to motivate immediate action. Responding to market conditions directly reflects this stage. Vision creation and empowerment follow later.
2. Which change model has been criticized for not providing a sequence of actions for an organization to implement change?
A. GE's Change Acceleration Process
B. Diffusion of Innovation
C. McKinsey's 7S model Correct
D. Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement (ADKAR)
E. Cisco Change Roadmap
Explanation
McKinsey's 7S model analyzes seven interdependent elements but does not offer a step-by-step implementation process. Models like ADKAR and Kotter provide clear sequences. Diffusion of Innovation describes adoption patterns, not organizational action steps.
3. A manager is asked to manage a major organizational change with little advance planning time. The manager decides to search for a simple and streamlined model to help manage this change. Which change-management model would be appropriate for this manager to use?
A. Cisco Change Roadmap
B. Kotter's Eight-Step Model
C. Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement (ADKAR) Correct
D. Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Explanation
ADKAR is a concise, individual-focused model with five clear outcomes, making it ideal for rapid application under time constraints. Kotter's model involves eight steps and requires more preparation. Cisco and Diffusion models are less structured for immediate use.
4. Which product best exemplified a new market disruption?
A. Touch tone phones
B. Rotary phones
C. Cell Phones Correct
D. Cordless phones
Explanation
Cell phones created an entirely new market for mobile communication, fundamentally disrupting landline-based telephony. Touch tone and cordless phones improved existing systems. Rotary phones were the original standard.
5. Which two aspects are important in communicating the change process? (Choose 2)
A. Discipline
B. Rewarding
C. Repetition Correct
D. Listening Correct
Explanation
Repetition ensures the message is consistently heard and understood over time. Listening allows leaders to address employee concerns and build trust. Discipline and rewarding are enforcement mechanisms, not core communication strategies.