1. Which two statements describe characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research?
A. Quantitative and qualitative research is less generalizing.
B. Quantitative and qualitative research is more text based.
C. Quantitative and qualitative research can be valid and reliable. Correct
D. Quantitative and qualitative research can be analyzed statistically.
Explanation
Both quantitative and qualitative research can be designed to be valid and reliable. Validity and reliability apply to all good research. Option A is wrong — quantitative research is usually more generalizable. Option B and D apply only to one type, not both.
2. Numerous studies show that patients want to have conversations about their end-of-life care; however, many physicians do not feel comfortable with the topic and are now asking hospice nurses to have these conversations. Which type of research method should be used to determine the impact of this change?
A. Case study
B. Physician focus group
C. Nurse focus group
D. Patient survey Correct
Explanation
To measure the actual impact on patients, a quantitative patient survey is the most appropriate and direct method. Focus groups give opinions; only patients can report their own experience of the change.
3. Many large integrated delivery networks have a common electronic medical record system… A researcher wants to determine if the clinical outcomes for a chronic disease over a three-year period are better… Which research methodology will achieve this goal?
A. Randomized control trial
B. Case study
C. Cohort study Correct
D. Pre/post-study
Explanation
Comparing two existing, naturally occurring groups (integrated vs non-integrated networks) over time is a cohort study. Random assignment is not ethically or practically possible here.
4. A researcher wants to determine whether smartphones can be used to positively impact clinical outcomes of cardiac patients… proceeds to research and document another 100 related studies. Which research method is this researcher using?
A. Cohort study
B. Case study
C. Clinical trial
D. Meta-analysis Correct
Explanation
Combining and statistically analyzing results from many existing studies (100+) is a meta-analysis — the highest level of evidence in evidence-based practice.
5. A healthcare facility wanted to learn more about patient satisfaction perceptions… Recent data was compared to data prior to the introduction of new protocols. What statistical technique should be used?
A. Regression analysis
B. Factor analysis
C. Chi square
D. t test to compare mean scores Correct
Explanation
Comparing the same group’s mean HCAHPS scores before and after an intervention requires a paired t-test.