78. A federal arrangement in which power is clearly divided between the national government and the states, and each entity operates separately within its own sphere of power, is known as
Answer: B
A clear division of power between the national government and the states is known as dual federalism.
Dual federalism describes a system where the national and state governments exercise their powers independently within their respective domains. This arrangement ensures that each level of government operates within its own sphere, without overlapping responsibilities.
A) cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism refers to a system where the national and state governments work together to solve problems and share responsibilities. This concept contrasts with dual federalism, as it implies a blending of powers rather than a strict division, making it an incorrect option in this context.
B) dual federalism
Dual federalism accurately describes the federal arrangement where power is distinctly divided between the national government and the states. Each government operates separately within its own area of authority, which is the essence of the definition provided in the question.
C) corporate federalism
Corporate federalism is not a recognized term in the context of governmental structure. It suggests a model that may involve business or corporate governance, which is irrelevant to the question regarding the division of powers between national and state governments.
D) national federalism
National federalism implies a stronger central government with predominant power over the states, which contradicts the principle of dual federalism. In dual federalism, states retain significant authority, making this option incorrect.
E) new federalism
New federalism is a concept that seeks to restore some powers and responsibilities to the states from the federal government. While it emphasizes state power, it does not align with the strict separation of powers described in dual federalism, rendering it an incorrect choice.
Conclusion
Dual federalism is the definitive model characterized by the clear division of powers between the national government and the states, each functioning independently within its own sphere. Other options do not accurately reflect this separation, either suggesting collaboration or a concentration of power that deviates from the fundamental principle of dual federalism.