78. A federal arrangement in which power is clearly divided between the national government and the states, and each entity operates separately within its own sphere of power, is known as
Answer: B
A federal arrangement in which power is clearly divided between the national government and the states is known as dual federalism.
Dual federalism describes a system where the national and state governments have distinct, separate powers and responsibilities, functioning independently within their own areas of authority.
A) cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism refers to a system where the national and state governments work together to solve problems and share responsibilities, often leading to overlapping powers. This contrasts with dual federalism, where the powers are distinctly separated and do not intermingle.
B) dual federalism
Dual federalism is characterized by a clear division of powers between the national and state governments, with each operating independently in its designated sphere. This definition aligns perfectly with the description provided in the question, making it the correct answer.
C) corporate federalism
Corporate federalism is not a recognized term in the context of governmental structures in the United States. It does not accurately describe any established federal arrangement and is therefore irrelevant to the question.
D) national federalism
National federalism implies a system where the national government holds the primary power, potentially undermining state authority. This contrasts with dual federalism, which emphasizes separate and equal powers between the national and state levels.
E) new federalism
New federalism refers to a political philosophy that seeks to shift powers back to the states from the national government but does not describe the clear separation of powers inherent in dual federalism. This makes it an incorrect choice in this context.
Conclusion
Dual federalism is the most accurate term for the described arrangement, as it highlights the distinct separation of powers between the national and state governments. Other options either overlap the powers or do not exist in the context of federal structures, confirming that dual federalism is the definitive correct answer.