31. According to Erik Erikson, the primary task in adolescence is development of
Answer: D
The primary task in adolescence is the development of identity.
In Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the key challenge during adolescence is the formation of identity, where individuals explore different roles and integrate them into a cohesive sense of self.
A) ego integrity
Ego integrity is a concept that pertains to the later stage of Erikson's theory, specifically in old age, where individuals reflect on their lives and develop a sense of fulfillment or despair. Therefore, it is not relevant to the primary developmental task of adolescence.
B) self-esteem
While self-esteem is an important aspect of adolescent development, it is not the primary task outlined by Erikson. Self-esteem can be influenced by identity formation, but it is more of a byproduct than the central focus during this stage.
C) self-concept
Self-concept refers to how individuals perceive themselves, which can evolve during adolescence. However, Erikson emphasizes the broader concept of identity, which encompasses self-concept as well as the exploration of various roles and societal expectations.
D) identity
Identity development is indeed the central task of adolescence according to Erikson. This stage, known as "Identity vs. Role Confusion," highlights the importance of exploring different identities and ultimately achieving a stable sense of self.
E) autonomy
Autonomy is significant during adolescence as individuals seek independence; however, it is not the primary developmental task according to Erikson. While autonomy can play a role in identity formation, Erikson specifically identifies identity as the key focus during this stage.
Conclusion
The development of identity is the definitive primary task in adolescence according to Erikson, distinguishing this period as crucial for self-exploration and role integration. Other options, while relevant to adolescent development, do not capture the essence of Erikson's theory regarding the central challenge faced during this stage. Thus, identity stands out as the correct answer.