60. According to language acquisition research, what is the average length of time that it takes for secondary school ELs to approach grade-level norms in CALP after initial exposure to the L2?
Answer: C
Five to seven years is the average length of time for secondary school ELs to approach grade-level norms in CALP after initial exposure to the L2.
Research indicates that secondary school English Learners (ELs) typically require five to seven years of consistent exposure and learning in their second language (L2) to reach grade-level proficiency in Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP).
A) One to two years
This option is incorrect as it significantly underestimates the time required for secondary school ELs to develop CALP. Language acquisition studies show that a mere one to two years is insufficient for learners to achieve the depth of understanding and academic language proficiency necessary for success in a secondary school setting.
B) Three to four years
While this option suggests a shorter time frame than the correct answer, it still does not align with the research findings. Three to four years may be adequate for basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS), but CALP, which is more complex and context-dependent, typically takes longer to develop.
C) Five to seven years
This option accurately reflects the findings of language acquisition research. Studies consistently show that secondary school ELs need about five to seven years of focused language instruction and practice to close the gap and reach grade-level norms in CALP, making this the correct choice.
D) Eight to ten years
This option overestimates the time required for secondary school ELs to approach grade-level CALP norms. Although language acquisition can vary, eight to ten years is generally considered excessive for reaching grade-level proficiency, especially when effective teaching strategies and support are in place.
Conclusion
The correct answer, five to seven years, aligns with established research on language acquisition for secondary school ELs, indicating that this duration is necessary for developing academic language proficiency. Other options fail to recognize the complexity and time involved in mastering CALP, either underestimating or overestimating the necessary time frame.