39. Alice and Fay are both excellent students with diligent study habits. Alice works for high grades because they are evidence that she has succeeded in learning new things, and she loves to learn. Fay works for high grades because her parents reward her with money and gifts. Which of the following statements is most true of Alice's and Fay's sources of motivation?
Answer: D
Alice has intrinsic motivation, and Fay has extrinsic motivation.
Alice is motivated by her love for learning and the satisfaction of mastering new concepts, which characterizes intrinsic motivation. In contrast, Fay's motivation stems from external rewards, such as money and gifts from her parents, making her motivation extrinsic.
A) Alice has incentive motivation, and Fay has drive-reduction motivation.
Incentive motivation refers to behavior driven by the desire for external rewards, while drive-reduction motivation is based on fulfilling unmet needs. Alice's motivation is not primarily driven by external incentives, and Fay's motivation does not involve reducing drives; therefore, this option inaccurately describes their motivations.
B) Alice has primary motivation, and Fay has secondary motivation.
Primary motivation typically refers to basic needs or biological drives, whereas secondary motivation relates to learned or social influences. Alice's motivation is not based on primary needs, and while Fay's motivation is influenced by external rewards, labeling it as secondary does not accurately capture the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
C) Alice has an external locus of control, and Fay has an internal locus of control.
An external locus of control means that a person believes they have little control over outcomes and that external factors influence their success, while an internal locus of control means a person feels they can influence outcomes through their efforts. This option incorrectly attributes the locus of control to Alice and Fay, as Alice exhibits an internal locus through her intrinsic motivation, and Fay demonstrates an external locus through her reliance on external rewards.
D) Alice has intrinsic motivation, and Fay has extrinsic motivation.
This statement accurately describes Alice's and Fay's motivations. Alice is driven by her intrinsic desire to learn and achieve personal growth, while Fay is motivated by the external rewards provided by her parents, making her motivation extrinsic.
Conclusion
Option D is the most accurate representation of Alice's and Fay's motivational sources, with Alice exemplifying intrinsic motivation through her love for learning and Fay exemplifying extrinsic motivation through her reliance on external rewards. The other options mischaracterize their motivations and do not reflect the core concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation effectively.