20. An appraisal by a certified appraiser is required:

Answer: C

Explanation:

An appraisal by a certified appraiser is required when the buyer is using an FHA loan.

An FHA loan mandates an appraisal by a certified appraiser to ensure that the property meets certain standards and is valued appropriately for the loan amount.

A) Before any property can transfer from one owner to another.

This option is incorrect because while appraisals can be conducted before a property transfer, they are not universally required for every transaction. Various types of property transfers may not necessitate an appraisal, depending on the circumstances and agreements between the parties involved.

B) When heirs receive property.

This choice is also incorrect. Heirs may receive property without the requirement of an appraisal, especially if the property is being transferred directly through inheritance or is part of a will. An appraisal might be beneficial for tax purposes, but it is not a mandatory step in the transfer process.

C) When the buyer is using an FHA loan.

This option is correct because FHA loans specifically require an appraisal by a certified appraiser to ensure the property meets FHA guidelines and standards, which protects both the lender and the borrower.

D) Before a property settlement in a divorce.

This option is incorrect as well. While appraisals can be useful in determining the value of a property during divorce proceedings, they are not a mandatory requirement for property settlements. The parties involved may choose to agree on a value without an official appraisal.

Conclusion

The correct answer is C, as FHA loans explicitly require an appraisal to ensure the property meets necessary criteria. Options A, B, and D do not represent universally applicable requirements for property appraisals, while C correctly identifies the specific condition under which an appraisal is mandated.