Question 23

Genetic instructions that are passed from generation to generation are carried by nucleic acids.

Nucleic acids, specifically DNA and RNA, are the organic molecules responsible for carrying genetic instructions from one generation to the next. They store and transmit hereditary information essential for the growth, development, and functioning of all living organisms.

A) Proteins

Proteins play vital roles in biological processes, including acting as enzymes and providing structural support, but they do not carry genetic instructions. Instead, they are synthesized based on the information encoded in nucleic acids.

B) Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates serve primarily as energy sources and structural components in cells. They do not have a role in the transmission of genetic information, making them incorrect in this context.

C) Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are the molecules that hold and convey genetic information across generations. They are essential for heredity and are the correct answer to the question.

D) Lipids

Lipids are important for forming cell membranes and storing energy, but they do not carry genetic instructions. Therefore, they do not play a role in the heredity of genetic information.

Conclusion

Nucleic acids are the only organic molecules that directly carry genetic instructions from generation to generation, which distinguishes them from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. This fundamental property of nucleic acids underpins the processes of heredity and evolution, confirming their critical role in biological systems.