Question 26

Crime and deviance are rooted in the structure of an oppressive society where the power elite use the legal system to maintain social inequality.

Conflict theorists argue that crime is a product of social structures that perpetuate inequality, with the elite manipulating the legal system to their advantage.

A) Crime and deviance are rooted in the structure of an oppressive society where the power elite use the legal system to maintain social inequality.

This option accurately reflects the conflict theory perspective, which posits that crime arises from the inequalities inherent in society. It emphasizes how those in power create laws that serve their interests, thereby marginalizing the less powerful and perpetuating social injustice.

B) High crime rates are the price we pay for encouraging freedom and nonconformity.

This option suggests a more libertarian view that associates crime with individual freedom and nonconformity. However, it does not align with conflict theory, which focuses on social structures and power dynamics rather than personal freedoms as the root cause of crime.

C) The problem of crime could easily be solved by building more prisons and increasing incarceration rates.

This perspective implies a solution rooted in punitive measures rather than addressing the underlying social issues. Conflict theorists would argue that simply increasing incarceration does not address the systemic inequalities that lead to crime, thus rendering this option inconsistent with their viewpoint.

D) Deviance and the tendency to commit crime is primarily an inborn characteristic and could be eliminated by genetic engineering.

This option presents a biological determinism approach, which is contrary to the conflict theory perspective. Conflict theorists reject the notion that crime is an innate trait, emphasizing instead the societal factors and power structures that contribute to criminal behavior.

Conclusion

The correct answer, A, encapsulates the core tenet of conflict theory by linking crime to systemic social inequality and the manipulative role of the powerful in shaping laws. Options B, C, and D mischaracterize the conflict theorist perspective by focusing either on individual traits, punitive measures, or the value of freedom, thus failing to address the structural issues that contribute to crime.