Question 59

Energy is absorbed during the melting phase change of ice to produce meltwater.

In the process of polar ice caps producing meltwater, energy is absorbed from the surroundings as the solid ice transitions to liquid water. This absorption of energy is essential for the phase change from solid to liquid.

A) Fog forming on the bathroom mirror when you take a shower

Fog forming is a result of water vapor condensing on a cooler surface, which involves the release of energy as the vapor turns into liquid droplets. Therefore, this option does not represent a phase change where energy is absorbed.

B) Molten metal solidifying in a pattern mold

When molten metal solidifies, it releases energy into the surroundings as it changes from a liquid to a solid state. This indicates that energy is being emitted, not absorbed, making this option incorrect.

C) Frost forming on a car windshield overnight

Frost formation involves water vapor in the air losing energy and transitioning directly from a gas to a solid state, a process known as deposition. This process releases energy into the environment, thus it does not fit the criteria of energy absorption.

D) Polar ice caps producing meltwater

This process involves the melting of ice, which requires the absorption of heat energy from the surroundings. The ice absorbs energy to overcome the latent heat of fusion, resulting in the transition from solid ice to liquid water, making this the correct option.

Conclusion

The correct answer is D, as it accurately describes the phase change where energy is absorbed from the surroundings to facilitate the melting of ice into water. Other options either involve energy release or do not represent a phase change where energy is absorbed, confirming that D is the only viable answer.