57. John's therapist gave him a relaxation exercise and asked him to list ten phobic situations from least to most frightening. The therapist is probably going to use a technique called
Answer: D
Systematic desensitization
The therapist is likely going to use a technique called systematic desensitization, which involves gradually exposing the individual to anxiety-provoking situations while teaching relaxation techniques to reduce fear responses.
A) Reframing
Reframing is a cognitive technique that involves changing the way a situation is perceived to alter emotional responses. While it can be useful in therapy, it does not specifically involve the gradual exposure to phobic situations as described in the scenario.
B) Shaping
Shaping is a behavioral technique that involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior. In this context, it does not apply since the exercise focuses on exposure to phobic situations rather than modifying behavior through reinforcement.
C) Aversive conditioning
Aversive conditioning is a technique that pairs an unwanted behavior with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce that behavior. This approach does not align with the relaxation exercise and gradual exposure to phobic situations that John’s therapist is planning to use.
D) Systematic desensitization
Systematic desensitization is indeed the correct answer, as it involves creating a hierarchy of fearful situations and gradually exposing the individual to these fears while practicing relaxation techniques, helping to reduce anxiety over time.
E) Cognitive restructuring
Cognitive restructuring is a therapeutic approach aimed at changing negative thought patterns. While it can help address cognitive distortions related to phobias, it does not specifically involve the exposure to phobic situations and relaxation techniques as systematic desensitization does.
Conclusion
Systematic desensitization is the most appropriate technique for John’s situation, as it directly involves the process of exposing him to phobic scenarios while he learns to relax. Other options such as reframing, shaping, aversive conditioning, and cognitive restructuring do not adequately address the gradual exposure component that is central to systematic desensitization. Thus, it is clear that D is the definitive correct choice.