19. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include which of the following?
Answer: A
Flattened emotional responses are a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia refer to a decrease in the ability to function normally. Flattened emotional responses, characterized by a lack of emotional expression, are a clear example of such symptoms.
A) Flattened emotional responses
This option is correct as it specifically describes a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia may exhibit reduced emotional expressiveness, which is a hallmark of negative symptoms.
B) Disorganized behaviors
Disorganized behaviors are typically categorized as positive symptoms rather than negative. They refer to a lack of goal-directed behavior and an inability to perform everyday tasks, which does not align with the definition of negative symptoms.
C) Disorganized speech patterns
Disorganized speech patterns fall under positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms indicate disruptions in thought processes rather than a decrease in emotional or social functioning, differentiating them from negative symptoms.
D) Delusions
Delusions are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia, as they involve an alteration of reality and beliefs that are not based in fact. They do not represent the absence of normal emotional responses or behaviors.
E) Hallucinations
Hallucinations are also classified as positive symptoms. They involve experiencing sensations that are not present, such as hearing voices, which again does not relate to negative symptoms characterized by emotional deficits.
Conclusion
Flattened emotional responses are a definitive indicator of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, highlighting an individual's diminished capacity to express emotions. In contrast, all other options—disorganized behaviors, speech patterns, delusions, and hallucinations—represent positive symptoms, which involve the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences rather than the absence of normal emotional responses. Thus, option A is the only correct choice that aligns with the definition of negative symptoms.