22. Roger says that he never participates in class and he seldom completes his homework on time. He also says that he is not a very organized student. According to research on achievement, which of the following is most likely true of Roger?
Answer: C
Roger does not expect to get good grades.
Based on Roger's self-description of his academic habits, it is likely that he does not expect to achieve good grades. His lack of participation in class and failure to complete homework on time suggest a low expectation of success in his academic endeavors.
A) Roger has authoritative parents.
This option is incorrect as there is no indication of Roger's parental influence in his statement. Authoritative parenting typically fosters high expectations and support, which does not align with Roger's admission of low engagement and organization.
B) Roger has expectations that exceed his abilities.
This option also does not fit Roger's situation. If he were to have expectations exceeding his abilities, he would likely still attempt to engage more in class and complete homework, rather than admitting to a lack of participation and organization.
C) Roger does not expect to get good grades.
This option is the most accurate reflection of Roger's situation. His statements about seldom completing homework and not participating in class indicate a lack of motivation or belief in his ability to succeed academically, leading to low expectations for his grades.
D) Roger primarily associates with students who get good grades.
This option is not supported by Roger's statements. Associating with high-achieving peers typically encourages better academic performance, whereas Roger's self-described habits suggest he may not be surrounded by such influences.
E) Roger does not have high intellectual ability.
While this option might seem plausible, it is not conclusively supported by the information given. Roger's academic engagement and habits speak more to his expectations and motivation rather than his inherent intellectual ability.
Conclusion
In summary, the most appropriate conclusion drawn from Roger's self-assessment is that he does not expect to achieve good grades, as indicated by his lack of participation and homework completion. The other options either misinterpret his situation or lack sufficient evidence to be deemed accurate. Thus, Option C stands out as the most relevant and substantiated choice.