Question 45

This type of scientific statement is a Law.

When one object applies a force to another object, and the second object applies an equal force in the opposite direction, this relationship is defined as a Law in scientific terms, specifically Newton's Third Law of Motion.

A) Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. In this context, Newton's finding is not a mere initial assumption but a well-established principle confirmed by numerous investigations, thus ruling out this option.

B) Law

A Law is a statement that describes a consistent and universal relationship observed in nature, often formulated through repeated experimental observations. Newton's discovery of the equal and opposite forces exemplifies a Law, as it accurately describes a fundamental principle that applies universally, making this the correct answer.

C) Theory

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has withstood rigorous testing. While Newton’s work laid the groundwork for theories in physics, the statement in question specifically describes a Law rather than a theoretical framework.

D) Inference

An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. Newton’s finding is not simply an inference but a Law characterized by its consistent and predictable nature; hence, this option does not apply.

Conclusion

The classification of Newton's discovery as a Law is definitive due to its universal applicability and the consistent relationship it describes between forces. All other options—hypothesis, theory, and inference—fail to capture the established and factual nature of this scientific statement, emphasizing the significance of laws in the framework of scientific understanding.