Question 19

The revision of the sentence shows a change in word choice that demonstrates the use of concrete language.

The revised sentence emphasizes clarity by using more precise language, which is a hallmark of formal academic writing. Specifically, "The chances are rare" provides a clearer and more definite description than "The chances are few and far between."

A) Using concrete language

This option is correct because the revision replaces a vague expression with a specific term. "Rare" is a concrete term that clearly conveys the intended meaning, thereby enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of the communication in academic writing.

B) Choosing passive voice

This option is incorrect as the sentences provided do not illustrate the use of passive voice. Passive voice typically involves a subject being acted upon rather than performing the action, which is not the case in this revision.

C) Replacing euphemisms

This option is also incorrect. Euphemisms are indirect expressions used to soften the impact of language. The revision does not replace a euphemism but rather clarifies the meaning through more direct language.

D) Avoiding use of clichés

While avoiding clichés is an important aspect of formal writing, this option does not apply here. The phrase "few and far between" is indeed a cliché, but the focus of the revision is primarily on improving clarity rather than simply avoiding clichéd expressions.

Conclusion

The chosen answer, A) Using concrete language, is definitively correct as it highlights the importance of clarity in academic writing. The other options fail to address the core change made in the revision, which is aimed at enhancing precision and directness in expression. Thus, the revision successfully demonstrates a characteristic fundamental to effective formal academic writing.