Question 12

A person drinking a glass of water after a long walk

Drive-reduction theory of motivation is best illustrated by a person drinking a glass of water after a long walk. This theory posits that physiological needs create drives that motivate an individual to take action to reduce those needs, such as thirst in this case.

A) A baby smiling shortly after birth

While a baby smiling shortly after birth is a significant developmental milestone, it does not directly relate to drive-reduction theory. The baby’s smile is not a response to a physiological need needing reduction; rather, it is part of social development and interaction.

B) A person riding the tallest roller coaster

Riding a roller coaster does not align with the drive-reduction theory, as this action is driven more by excitement and thrill rather than the reduction of a physiological need. The motivation here is rooted in the pursuit of adrenaline and enjoyment rather than fulfilling a basic requirement.

C) A student studying hard for an exam

Although a student studying for an exam may aim to reduce anxiety or fear of failure, it does not fit neatly into the drive-reduction framework. The motivation here is more complex, involving cognitive goals and social pressures rather than a direct physiological drive.

D) A person drinking a glass of water after a long walk

This option perfectly encapsulates the drive-reduction theory, as it involves a clear physiological need—thirst. After exertion during a long walk, the person seeks to fulfill this need by drinking water, thus reducing the drive of thirst.

E) A person giving a small gift to a friend for no reason

Giving a gift for no reason does not correspond with drive-reduction theory, as it is not motivated by a physiological need. This behavior is more aligned with social and emotional motivations rather than the fundamental drives that the theory describes.

Conclusion

The correct answer, a person drinking a glass of water after a long walk, exemplifies the drive-reduction theory by addressing a clear physiological need. All other options either involve emotional or social motivations or do not relate to the concept of reducing physiological drives, thereby failing to illustrate the theory effectively.