Question 27

The longest-lasting achievement of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian was his codification of diverse Roman laws.

Justinian's most significant and enduring contribution to legal history is the codification of Roman law, known as the Corpus Juris Civilis. This monumental work laid the foundational framework for legal systems in many Western nations and influenced legal thought for centuries.

A) reconquest of the former Roman Empire

While Justinian did engage in military campaigns to reclaim parts of the former Roman Empire, such as Italy and North Africa, these conquests were often short-lived. The territories were difficult to maintain and eventually fell back into the hands of various groups, making this achievement less lasting than his legal reforms.

B) defeat of the Arian heresy in Italy

Justinian's efforts to combat the Arian heresy were significant during his reign, but the theological disputes did not lead to a lasting resolution and continued to persist long after his death. Therefore, this achievement does not hold the same lasting impact as his legal codification.

C) moving the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Though Justinian did not move the capital from Rome to Constantinople (as it had already been established there by his predecessor, Constantine), he certainly enhanced and developed the city. However, this action alone did not produce a long-lasting legacy comparable to his work on Roman law.

D) codification of diverse Roman laws

The codification of Roman laws, known as the Corpus Juris Civilis, is regarded as Justinian's most lasting achievement. This comprehensive legal code not only preserved Roman legal principles but also influenced the development of civil law in many countries for centuries, establishing a significant and enduring legacy.

E) building a navy that controlled the Mediterranean Sea

Although Justinian invested in naval improvements, the control of the Mediterranean Sea was not a significant or long-lasting achievement. Naval power fluctuated and was often contested by other rising powers, making this less impactful than his codification of laws.

Conclusion

Justinian's codification of diverse Roman laws stands out as the most enduring achievement of his reign, fundamentally shaping legal frameworks in Europe for generations. In contrast, other options presented either failed to achieve lasting impact or were overshadowed by the significance of his legal reforms. His legal legacy continues to be a cornerstone of modern legal systems, emphasizing its unparalleled importance.