Question 41

Thomas Jefferson’s draft of the Declaration of Independence relied substantially on the ideas and words of John Locke.

Jefferson drew heavily from John Locke’s philosophical principles, particularly those concerning natural rights and the social contract, which significantly influenced the foundational ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence.

A) Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke was a political theorist known for his views on conservatism and the importance of tradition. Although he contributed to political thought, his ideas did not significantly influence Jefferson's draft, which was grounded in Enlightenment ideals of liberty and individual rights rather than Burke's emphasis on historical continuity.

B) Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes is best known for his work on social contract theory, particularly in "Leviathan," where he argued for a strong central authority. However, his views on the necessity of absolute sovereignty contrast sharply with the principles of liberty and government by consent that Jefferson emphasized, making him an unlikely influence on the Declaration.

C) John Locke

John Locke's philosophy profoundly impacted Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence. Locke’s ideas about natural rights—including life, liberty, and property—were foundational to Jefferson’s arguments for independence and the assertion of individual rights against tyranny, thus making him the primary influence on the document.

D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau contributed significantly to political philosophy, particularly with his ideas on the general will and popular sovereignty. While his concepts resonate with democratic ideals, they were not as directly reflected in Jefferson's work as Locke's notions of natural rights and government by consent, thereby reducing his relevance as a primary influence.

E) Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was a key figure in the American Enlightenment and contributed to the drafting of the Declaration. However, his role was more about collaboration and diplomacy rather than being a primary philosophical influence on the ideas expressed, which were predominantly shaped by Locke's writings.

Conclusion

In summary, John Locke's ideas regarding natural rights and the social contract were pivotal to Thomas Jefferson's formulation of the Declaration of Independence, making Option C the correct choice. The other options, while significant in their own right, did not provide the foundational philosophical underpinnings that directly shaped Jefferson's arguments for American independence.