47. What does the functionalist perspective assume about crime and its punishment?
Answer: B
Crime is a natural outcome and its punishment promotes social unity
The functionalist perspective assumes that crime is an inherent part of society, and that the punishment of crime serves to reinforce social norms and promote cohesion among members of the community.
A) Punishment of crime is not necessary for society to function
This option is incorrect as it contradicts the functionalist view. While functionalists recognize that crime exists in society, they also argue that punishment is essential for maintaining social order and reinforcing societal norms.
B) Crime is a natural outcome and its punishment promotes social unity
This option accurately reflects the functionalist perspective. Functionalists believe that crime is a normal aspect of social life and that punishment helps to affirm collective values, thus fostering social cohesion and unity.
C) A society can function more smoothly if criminals are eliminated
This choice misrepresents the functionalist perspective. While functionalists acknowledge the existence of crime, they do not advocate for the complete elimination of criminals; rather, they emphasize the role of punishment in maintaining social order rather than eradicating criminal behavior entirely.
D) A society must control the number of criminals with rigid rules that distinguish deviant from nondeviant behavior
This option suggests a more authoritarian approach than the functionalist viewpoint supports. Functionalists focus on the social functions of crime and punishment rather than advocating for strict control measures. They emphasize balance and the role of societal norms in guiding behavior.
Conclusion
The correct answer, option B, aligns with the functionalist perspective by highlighting the idea that crime is a natural occurrence in society and that its punishment plays a crucial role in promoting social unity. Options A, C, and D either misinterpret or oversimplify the functionalist viewpoint, failing to recognize the complex relationship between crime, punishment, and social cohesion.