Question 21

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka found that school segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

This landmark case established that racial segregation in public schools is inherently unequal, thereby violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

A) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

This case directly addressed the issue of racial segregation in public schools and concluded that such segregation was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court's unanimous decision determined that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, which is a clear violation of the Equal Protection Clause.

B) Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association

This case focused on the rights of teachers regarding union fees and did not address issues of segregation or the Equal Protection Clause. It revolved around labor rights and the First Amendment rather than educational equality or racial issues.

C) Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York

This case dealt with the funding of public education and whether it met the constitutional standards for providing a sound basic education. It did not address segregation or the Equal Protection Clause, making it irrelevant to the question of school segregation.

D) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

This case involved affirmative action and the use of race as a factor in college admissions, but it did not address the issue of public school segregation. As such, it does not relate to the Equal Protection Clause in the context of segregated educational facilities.

Conclusion

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka is the definitive case that established the unconstitutionality of school segregation under the Equal Protection Clause. The other options either pertain to different legal issues or do not address segregation, making them incorrect in the context of this question.