Question 15

C: frog, butterfly, fern, tree

This list contains only biotic factors, as all four items are living organisms or parts of living organisms that interact within an ecosystem.

A) winds, sunlight, fern, frog

This option is incorrect because it includes "winds" and "sunlight," which are abiotic factors. While "fern" and "frog" are biotic factors, the presence of the two abiotic elements disqualifies this list from being composed solely of biotic factors.

B) soil, sunlight, frog, tree

This choice is incorrect as it includes "soil" and "sunlight," both of which are abiotic factors. Although "frog" and "tree" are biotic factors, the inclusion of the abiotic factors makes this list unsuitable for the question.

C) frog, butterfly, fern, tree

This list is correct because all four items are biotic factors. "Frog," "butterfly," "fern," and "tree" represent living organisms that contribute to the biological interactions within an ecosystem.

D) soil, frog, butterfly, fern

This option is incorrect since it contains "soil," an abiotic factor. Although "frog," "butterfly," and "fern" are all biotic factors, the presence of soil disqualifies this list from being entirely biotic.

Conclusion

The correct answer is C, as it exclusively consists of living organisms that interact within an ecosystem. All other options fail to meet the criteria due to the inclusion of abiotic factors, which do not belong in a list focused solely on biotic elements. This distinction is crucial for understanding the components that make up ecological systems.