19. Which of the following actions by a broker constitutes a violation?

Answer: C

Explanation:

Paying a referral fee to an unlicensed friend constitutes a violation.

Paying a referral fee to an unlicensed individual is a clear violation of real estate regulations, as it undermines the licensing requirements established to protect consumers and ensure professional standards in the industry.

A) Accepting a referral fee from an out-of-state broker

Accepting a referral fee from an out-of-state broker is generally permissible, provided that the broker complies with the regulations of their own state and the state of the out-of-state broker. As long as both brokers are licensed and the transaction adheres to applicable laws, this action does not constitute a violation.

B) When acting as a buyer's broker accepting a commission from a listing broker

A buyer's broker can legally accept a commission from a listing broker, as this is a standard practice in real estate transactions. This arrangement is typically disclosed to all parties involved and does not violate any regulations, making it an acceptable practice.

C) Paying a referral fee to an unlicensed friend

Paying a referral fee to an unlicensed friend is a violation because it contravenes the legal requirement that only licensed individuals can receive compensation for real estate services. This action can result in disciplinary action against the broker for failing to adhere to the licensing laws.

D) Paying a referral fee to an out-of-state broker

Paying a referral fee to an out-of-state broker is permissible, provided that the out-of-state broker holds a valid license and the payment complies with both states' laws. Therefore, this action does not constitute a violation.

Conclusion

The action of paying a referral fee to an unlicensed friend is definitively a violation of real estate regulations, as it bypasses the necessary licensing requirements that protect the integrity of the profession. In contrast, the other options represent actions that can be compliant with real estate laws, underscoring why they do not constitute violations.