Question 38

Hemoconcentration can result from massaging probing fist pumping and prolonged tourniquet application.

Hemoconcentration is a complication that occurs when there is an increase in the concentration of cells and proteins in the blood due to the loss of plasma volume. This can happen when a tourniquet is applied for an extended period, as it restricts blood flow and can lead to a relative increase in cellular components.

A) Exsanguination

Exsanguination refers to the severe loss of blood, typically resulting in hypovolemic shock. While prolonged tourniquet application can restrict blood flow, it does not directly lead to exsanguination; instead, it can prevent blood from leaving the body, making this option incorrect.

B) Arteriosclerosis

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, often due to chronic conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. It is not a direct result of acute interventions like massaging or tourniquet application, making this option incorrect.

C) Anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and is unrelated to the mechanical actions described in the question. It does not arise from massaging, probing, or tourniquet use, rendering this option incorrect.

D) Hemoconcentration

Hemoconcentration occurs when there is a reduction in plasma volume, leading to an increased concentration of blood cells and other components. This can result from prolonged tourniquet application, as it restricts blood flow and can cause the blood to become more viscous, making this option correct.

Conclusion

Hemoconcentration is the only option that accurately describes a complication resulting from the described actions, particularly the prolonged application of a tourniquet. Other options, such as exsanguination, arteriosclerosis, and anaphylactic shock, do not directly relate to the effects of massaging or tourniquet application, confirming that D is the correct and relevant answer.