Question 88

Lactic acidosis is a common side effect of metformin.

Lactic acidosis can occur in patients taking metformin, especially in those with contraindications such as renal impairment or conditions that may lead to tissue hypoperfusion. This serious condition arises from the accumulation of lactic acid, which is a known risk factor associated with metformin usage.

A) Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is not a side effect of metformin; rather, metformin is used to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is inaccurate to consider hyperglycemia as a side effect associated with this medication.

B) Lactic acidosis

Lactic acidosis is indeed a recognized and potentially serious side effect of metformin. This condition is characterized by an excessive buildup of lactic acid in the body, which can occur when metformin is not cleared properly, particularly in patients with compromised kidney function.

C) Hypotension

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not a known side effect of metformin. While some medications for diabetes management can affect blood pressure, metformin primarily works to regulate glucose levels rather than influencing blood pressure directly.

D) Bradycardia

Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not associated with metformin. This medication does not typically affect heart rate and is not known to cause bradycardia as a side effect.

Conclusion

Lactic acidosis is the only option listed that is a recognized side effect of metformin, specifically for individuals who may have underlying health issues. The other options—hyperglycemia, hypotension, and bradycardia—are not relevant to metformin’s pharmacological profile and do not represent common side effects of this medication.