Question 88

Lactic acidosis is a common side effect of metformin.

Metformin is known to carry a risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or other risk factors. This condition can be serious and is a key reason for monitoring patients on metformin therapy.

A) Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of metformin; in fact, metformin is primarily used to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Its mechanism of action is to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce hepatic glucose production, making hyperglycemia an unlikely outcome.

B) Lactic acidosis

Lactic acidosis is a recognized and serious side effect of metformin, particularly in certain populations. Patients with reduced kidney function, liver disease, or those who are dehydrated are at higher risk, making this option correct in the context of metformin's potential adverse effects.

C) Hypotension

Hypotension is not a common side effect associated with metformin use. While some medications can cause low blood pressure, metformin does not typically affect blood pressure levels and is not linked to hypotensive episodes in patients.

D) Bradycardia

Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not a known side effect of metformin. There is no direct connection between metformin and changes in heart rate, and thus this option is incorrect.

Conclusion

Lactic acidosis stands out as a significant and common side effect of metformin, particularly in vulnerable patient populations. Other options like hyperglycemia, hypotension, and bradycardia fail to correlate with metformin's known pharmacological effects, reinforcing that option B is the definitive correct choice.