Question 1

Hashing is a one-way function that provides assurance of data integrity.

Hashing is a process that transforms input data into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a hash value. This function is designed to be one-way, meaning it is computationally infeasible to reverse the process, thereby ensuring data integrity.

A) Hashing

Hashing is indeed a one-way function that generates a unique hash value for input data, allowing for the verification of data integrity without revealing the original data. This characteristic is crucial in various applications, such as digital signatures and password storage, ensuring that any alteration in the original data results in a different hash value.

B) Salting

Salting is a technique used to enhance the security of hashed data by adding a random value (salt) to the input before hashing. While it strengthens the security of passwords, it does not itself serve as a one-way function for data integrity assurance. Instead, it is a complementary measure to hashing.

C) Segmentation

Segmentation refers to the process of dividing data into segments or parts for various purposes, such as storage or processing efficiency. It does not provide any form of data integrity assurance nor operates as a one-way function.

D) Tokenization

Tokenization is a method of replacing sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents, called tokens, which can be used in place of the original data. However, it is not a one-way function and does not inherently assure data integrity; rather, it focuses on data protection and confidentiality.

Conclusion

Hashing stands out as the only option that functions as a one-way method, effectively ensuring data integrity through unique hash values. Other options, such as salting, segmentation, and tokenization, do not fulfill the criteria of a one-way function specifically designed for data integrity, thus making hashing the correct and definitive choice.