35. Which of the following is most commonly associated with Stephen Krashen?
Answer: B
B) Affective filter hypothesis
Stephen Krashen is most commonly associated with the Affective Filter Hypothesis, which posits that emotional factors such as anxiety and motivation can significantly affect language acquisition. This theory emphasizes the importance of a low affective filter for optimal learning conditions.
A) Common underlying proficiency
Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) is a concept introduced by Jim Cummins, not Krashen. While it relates to bilingual education, it does not directly reflect Krashen's theories on language acquisition and the emotional aspects of learning.
B) Affective filter hypothesis
This option is correct as it directly represents one of Krashen's key contributions to language acquisition theory. The Affective Filter Hypothesis suggests that learners with high levels of anxiety or low motivation may have a 'filter' that hinders their ability to acquire a second language effectively.
C) The direct method
The Direct Method is a language teaching approach that emphasizes immersion and speaking skills, but it is not specifically associated with Stephen Krashen. Instead, it is a method that predates Krashen's theories and does not incorporate his focus on affective factors.
D) Audiolingualism
Audiolingualism is a method of language teaching based on behaviorist principles and is not related to Krashen’s theories. It focuses on repetition and drills rather than the emotional aspects of language learning, which are central to Krashen's work.
Conclusion
The Affective Filter Hypothesis is the most relevant concept associated with Stephen Krashen, highlighting the impact of emotional factors on language acquisition. The other options, while related to language learning, either stem from different theorists or do not align with Krashen's focus on affective variables. Thus, B is the definitive choice in this context.