Question 1

Juan mispronounces an English word based on the pronunciation of a similar word in his native language.

Negative transfer occurs when prior learning hinders the acquisition of new skills or knowledge. In this case, Juan's incorrect pronunciation of an English word is a direct result of the influence of his native language, demonstrating how previous knowledge can negatively affect his learning.

A) Sarah notices no improvement in her basketball skills after lifting weights for several weeks

This option describes a situation where Sarah does not experience the expected benefits of weightlifting for basketball, but it does not illustrate negative transfer. Instead, it suggests possible ineffectiveness of the training regimen or lack of proper application, which does not involve previous knowledge interfering with new learning.

B) Marissa is scolded for using a measuring tool incorrectly, and she remembers to use it correctly the next time

Marissa's experience illustrates positive transfer rather than negative transfer. After being corrected, she successfully applies the correct usage of the measuring tool in the future, indicating that the feedback helped her learn rather than hindered her.

C) Amir learns a basic subtraction skill in math class and later uses the skill when shopping in a store

This scenario exemplifies positive transfer, as Amir effectively applies a learned skill in a practical context. There is no indication of interference from previous knowledge; rather, his math skills enhance his shopping experience.

D) Juan mispronounces an English word based on the pronunciation of a similar word in his native language

This option is the clearest example of negative transfer. Juan's mispronunciation is a direct result of his native language affecting his understanding and use of English, showcasing how prior knowledge can impede correct learning in a new context.

Conclusion

Juan's mispronunciation caused by similarities in his native language is a definitive example of negative transfer, highlighting how previous knowledge can obstruct new learning. In contrast, the other options illustrate either a lack of transfer or positive transfer, reinforcing the idea that not all experiences with prior knowledge lead to negative outcomes.