3. Which of the following most accurately describes short-term memory
Answer: C
An active memory that is used when holding information in an available state
Short-term memory is best described as an active memory system that temporarily holds and manipulates information for immediate use. It allows individuals to retain information for a brief period while actively engaging with it.
A) A fleeting memory that records sensations that are immediately experienced
This option is incorrect because while short-term memory does deal with immediate experiences, it is not merely fleeting. It specifically allows for the temporary holding of information for cognitive tasks, rather than just recording sensations.
B) A permanent memory that retains information indefinitely
This option is incorrect as it describes long-term memory, not short-term memory. Long-term memory is characterized by the ability to store information for extended periods, sometimes indefinitely, while short-term memory is transient and limited in duration.
C) An active memory that is used when holding information in an available state
This option accurately describes short-term memory as it emphasizes the active nature of this memory system, which is responsible for temporarily holding information that is currently in use, making it readily accessible for cognitive processes.
D) An abundant memory that can retain large amounts of information
This option is incorrect as it misrepresents the capacity of short-term memory. Short-term memory is known to have a limited capacity, typically retaining about 7±2 items for a brief duration, which is not abundant.
Conclusion
The correct answer, C, effectively captures the essence of short-term memory as an active system that holds information temporarily for immediate cognitive tasks. In contrast, all other options fail because they either describe characteristics of other types of memory or misrepresent the limitations and functions of short-term memory. Understanding this distinction is crucial for grasping how different memory systems operate within cognitive psychology.