Question 24

Judicial review was established in Marbury v. Madison.

Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of Congress and the executive branch unconstitutional.

A) Judicial review

This option is correct as Marbury v. Madison is the landmark case that formally established the principle of judicial review in the United States. The decision affirmed the judiciary's role in interpreting the Constitution and checking the powers of the other branches of government.

B) Executive orders

This option is incorrect because executive orders are directives issued by the President to manage the operations of the federal government. While they are a tool of executive power, they were not established as a principle in Marbury v. Madison.

C) Legislative supremacy

This option is incorrect as legislative supremacy refers to the idea that the legislative branch has ultimate authority. Marbury v. Madison challenged legislative supremacy by asserting the judiciary's power to overrule legislative actions that violate the Constitution.

D) Presidential succession

This option is incorrect because presidential succession pertains to the order in which officials assume the presidency in the event of a vacancy. It is unrelated to the judicial principles established in Marbury v. Madison.

Conclusion

Judicial review is the definitive principle established in Marbury v. Madison, signifying the power of the judiciary to assess the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions. All other options are incorrect as they relate to different aspects of governmental authority that were not addressed in this case.