Question 5

Sedimentary rock is formed by the compaction and cementation of small fragments of preexisting rocks.

Sedimentary rock forms through the process of compaction and cementation, which involves the accumulation and binding of small fragments from other rocks.

A) Volcanic

Volcanic rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material (magma or lava) rather than from the compaction and cementation of preexisting rock fragments. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

B) Sedimentary

Sedimentary rock is indeed formed by the compaction and cementation of small fragments of preexisting rocks. This process allows sediments to accumulate over time, leading to the formation of layered rock structures, making this option correct.

C) Metamorphic

Metamorphic rocks are created from existing rocks that undergo changes due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, but they do not form from compaction and cementation of fragments. Hence, this option is incorrect.

D) Intrusive

Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies below the Earth's surface. This process does not involve the compaction and cementation of rock fragments, making this option incorrect as well.

Conclusion

Sedimentary rock is the only type among the options listed that is specifically formed through the compaction and cementation of preexisting rock fragments. The other options—volcanic, metamorphic, and intrusive—do not describe this process, thereby affirming that sedimentary is the correct answer.