Question 18

Sigmund Freud developed the concept of oral pleasure as being the base of attachment between an infant and a mother.

Freud posited that the oral stage of psychosexual development is crucial in establishing a child's relationship with their mother, as it centers around the infant's pleasure derived from oral stimulation.

A) Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson is known for his theory of psychosocial development, which emphasizes the impact of social relationships and identity across the lifespan. He did not specifically focus on oral pleasure or its role in attachment, making this option incorrect regarding the question.

B) Sigmund Freud

Freud's theory highlights the importance of oral gratification during infancy, linking it to the formation of attachment with the mother. His work suggests that this primary relationship is foundational in the development of personality and emotional bonds, thereby making this option correct.

C) Margaret and Harry Harlow

Margaret and Harry Harlow conducted influential research on attachment through their studies with rhesus monkeys, emphasizing the importance of comfort and security rather than oral pleasure. Their findings, while significant in the field of attachment, do not align with the concept of oral pleasure as proposed by Freud.

D) John Bowlby

John Bowlby is known for his attachment theory, which focuses on the emotional bonds between infants and caregivers. While he recognized the importance of early relationships, his theories do not specifically address oral pleasure as a base for attachment, thus making this option incorrect.

Conclusion

Sigmund Freud's exploration of oral pleasure as a key aspect of attachment between an infant and a mother is foundational to understanding early psychological development. The other options either focus on different aspects of development or address attachment through varied lenses, but do not connect specifically to oral pleasure as Freud does. Therefore, Freud is clearly the correct answer.