Question 46

B: A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women.

This scenario clearly represents a violation of the Equal Protection Clause as it discriminates based on gender, establishing unequal wage standards for men and women performing similar work.

A) A state law establishes a minimum driving speed on federal highways.

This option does not violate the Equal Protection Clause because establishing a minimum driving speed applies uniformly to all drivers regardless of their gender, race, or any other protected characteristic. It is a regulation intended for public safety and does not discriminate against any particular group.

B) A state law establishes a higher minimum wage for men than for women.

This scenario is a clear violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Such a law differentiates pay based on gender, which is unconstitutional as it fails to provide equal protection under the law to individuals based on their sex, thus perpetuating gender discrimination.

C) A proposed constitutional amendment requires a minimum education level to serve as President.

This option does not violate the Equal Protection Clause because the requirement applies equally to all potential candidates for the presidency. It does not discriminate against any group; rather, it sets a standard that all individuals must meet to qualify for the position.

D) A proposed constitutional amendment requires a minimum age to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

This option does not violate the Equal Protection Clause as it applies uniformly to all individuals regardless of their race, gender, or other characteristics. Age requirements are standard legal practices and do not differentiate unfairly among different groups.

Conclusion

The violation of the Equal Protection Clause is exemplified in option B, where the law imposes unequal wage standards based on gender, thus discriminating against women. All other options present regulations or requirements that apply equally and do not discriminate against specific groups, thereby aligning with the principles of equal protection under the law.