Question 23

Transistors are characteristic of second-generation computing.

Second-generation computing is defined by the use of transistors, which replaced vacuum tubes and allowed for more reliable and compact hardware.

A) Microprocessors

Microprocessors are a hallmark of third-generation computing, not second-generation. They are built upon the technology of integrated circuits, which emerged after transistors.

B) Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is not specifically associated with second-generation computing. It refers to the manipulation of matter on an atomic or molecular scale and is more relevant to advancements in materials science and electronics in later generations.

C) Transistors

Transistors are indeed the defining technology of second-generation computing. They enabled more efficient and powerful computing systems, allowing for the development of smaller, faster, and more reliable computers compared to their vacuum tube predecessors.

D) Artificial intelligence

While artificial intelligence has evolved significantly over time, it is not a defining characteristic of second-generation computing. AI became more prominent with the advancements in computing power provided by later technologies.

Conclusion

Transistors are the correct answer as they represent the major technological advancement that distinguishes second-generation computers from earlier generations. Other options either pertain to different generations or do not accurately reflect the core innovations of second-generation computing.