Question 26

The average air temperature of the Arctic and the absorption of sunlight by the Arctic Ocean are most likely to increase as a result of a continued decline in Arctic sea ice.

The decline in Arctic sea ice is expected to lead to an increase in the average air temperature of the Arctic, as less ice results in greater heat retention within the atmosphere. Additionally, with less sea ice present, the Arctic Ocean can absorb more sunlight, which further contributes to warming and climate change effects.

A) The average air temperature of the Arctic

This option is correct because the loss of sea ice reduces the albedo effect, meaning that more solar radiation is absorbed by the ocean rather than being reflected back into the atmosphere. This increased absorption of heat contributes to a rise in the average air temperature in the Arctic region.

B) The salinity of Arctic seawater

This option is incorrect. While changes in ice cover can influence salinity, a decline in sea ice typically leads to a decrease in salinity due to increased freshwater input from melting ice and increased river runoff, rather than an increase.

C) The absorption of sunlight by the Arctic Ocean

This option is also correct. As the extent of sea ice decreases, more of the ocean surface is exposed, allowing for greater absorption of sunlight. This phenomenon accelerates warming and has significant implications for the climate system.

D) The availability of platforms from which polar bears in the Arctic can hunt

This option is incorrect. A decline in sea ice actually reduces the availability of platforms for polar bears to hunt seals, their primary prey, as they rely on ice for resting and hunting.

Conclusion

The correct answers, A and C, highlight the relationship between declining Arctic sea ice and the resultant increases in air temperature and sunlight absorption. Options B and D do not align with the expected outcomes of diminished sea ice, underscoring the critical changes in the Arctic ecosystem driven by climate change.