Question 53

The average air temperature of the Arctic and the absorption of sunlight by the Arctic Ocean are likely to increase due to a continued decline in Arctic sea ice.

The decline in Arctic sea ice contributes to increased average air temperatures and enhances the absorption of sunlight by the Arctic Ocean, leading to further warming and changes in the ecosystem.

A) The average air temperature of the Arctic

This option is correct because the loss of sea ice results in less reflection of sunlight (albedo effect), causing the ocean to absorb more heat and subsequently increasing the average air temperature in the region.

B) The salinity of Arctic seawater

This option is incorrect as a decline in sea ice is more likely to lead to a decrease in salinity. The melting of ice introduces freshwater into the ocean, which decreases the overall salinity of seawater.

C) The absorption of sunlight by the Arctic Ocean

This option is correct because when sea ice melts, it exposes the darker ocean surface, which absorbs significantly more sunlight than the reflective ice surface. This increased absorption contributes to further warming of the ocean.

D) The availability of platforms from which polar bears in the Arctic can hunt

This option is incorrect as the decline in sea ice reduces the platforms available for polar bears to hunt seals, their primary food source. Less ice means fewer opportunities for these animals to access their prey.

Conclusion

The correct answers, A and C, highlight critical environmental changes resulting from a decline in Arctic sea ice, specifically the increase in average air temperature and sunlight absorption. In contrast, options B and D illustrate negative impacts, as decreased salinity and hunting platforms for polar bears do not align with the question's focus on increases due to climate changes.