24. Zachary is a 5-year-old child who has difficulty making eye contact, shows no interest in interacting with his peers, and is easily overwhelmed by noises in the environment. Despite that, Zachary can read simple sentences and makes intricate drawings of animals and plants. Zachary would most likely be tested for which of the following disorders?
Answer: B
Zachary would most likely be tested for Autism spectrum disorder.
Zachary exhibits several characteristics that are commonly associated with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as difficulty making eye contact, a lack of interest in peer interactions, and being overwhelmed by sensory stimuli. These behaviors are indicative of the social and communication challenges often seen in individuals on the autism spectrum.
A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While Zachary may have trouble interacting, his primary symptoms do not align with those typically associated with ADHD, as he demonstrates focused interests in reading and drawing rather than impulsive behaviors or distractibility.
B) Autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, all of which are present in Zachary's case. His difficulty with eye contact and overwhelming reactions to noise strongly suggest that a diagnosis of ASD would be appropriate, particularly given his unique strengths in literacy and art.
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves recurring, unwanted thoughts and ritualistic behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety. While Zachary demonstrates some atypical behaviors, there is no indication in the description of obsessive thoughts or compulsive actions that would lead to a diagnosis of OCD.
D) Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) entails a pattern of angry, irritable mood, argumentative behavior, and vindictiveness. Zachary's behaviors do not reflect defiance or opposition; rather, he displays social withdrawal and sensory issues, which do not align with the symptoms typical of ODD.
Conclusion
Zachary's symptoms strongly align with Autism spectrum disorder, particularly his challenges with social interaction and sensory sensitivities. In contrast, the other disorders do not adequately explain his behaviors, making ASD the most appropriate consideration for further assessment.